Kidney stones may develop without symptoms in the early stages, but as they grow or move, they can cause significant discomfort. The primary symptom is severe pain, typically starting in the back or side, below the ribs, and radiating to the lower abdomen and groin. This pain, often described as sharp or cramp-like, can come in waves and may worsen as the stone moves through the urinary tract. Painful urination and a frequent urge to urinate are also common signs.

In some cases, blood in the urine (hematuria) can cause the urine to appear pink, red, or brown. Nausea and vomiting often accompany the pain due to the intensity of the discomfort. Cloudy or foul-smelling urine, along with a feeling of pain or burning during urination, can indicate an infection caused by the stones. If the stone obstructs the urinary tract, it can lead to urinary retention and severe discomfort. Prompt medical attention is essential to prevent complications.