Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections affecting people of all ages. However, the causes, risk factors, and clinical significance of UTIs differ greatly between men and women. In this article, Dr. Prabhat Ranjan, Consultant Urologist and Laparoscopic Surgeon, explains why UTIs are more common in women, why they are often more serious in men, and how age plays a crucial role in infection risk.
Understanding these differences is essential for early diagnosis, proper treatment, and long-term urinary health.
What Is a Urinary Tract Infection?
A Urinary Tract Infection occurs when bacteria—most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli)—enter the urinary system and multiply. UTIs can affect different parts of the urinary tract, including:
- Urethra (urethritis)
- Bladder (cystitis)
- Kidneys (pyelonephritis)
While symptoms may appear similar in men and women, the underlying causes often differ.
Why Are UTIs More Common in Women?
1. Anatomy Matters
One of the main reasons women are more prone to UTIs is anatomical structure. The female urethra is significantly shorter—approximately 4 cm—compared to men. This shorter pathway allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily and quickly.
2. Proximity to the Anus
In women, the urethral opening is located close to the anus. This proximity increases the risk of bacterial migration from the gastrointestinal tract to the urinary tract, especially if hygiene practices are inadequate.
3. Hormonal & Life-Stage Factors
Certain life stages further increase UTI risk in women:
- Sexual activity
- Pregnancy
- Menopause (due to reduced estrogen levels affecting urinary tract defense)
UTIs in Men: Why They Are Often Considered “Complicated”
UTIs are relatively uncommon in younger men. When they do occur, they are often classified as complicated UTIs.
Common Underlying Causes in Men
- Kidney stones
- Enlarged prostate (BPH)
- Urinary obstruction
- Chronic kidney disease
- Catheter use
Unlike women, a UTI in a man often signals an underlying structural or functional problem in the urinary tract that requires detailed evaluation.
How Age Affects UTI Risk in Men and Women
Women
- Higher risk at a younger age
- UTI frequency often decreases as they get older (except post-menopause)
Men
- Lower risk in younger years
- Risk increases with age, particularly due to prostate enlargement and incomplete bladder emptying
This age-related shift highlights why UTIs in elderly men should never be ignored.
Symptoms You Should Not Ignore
Common UTI symptoms include:
- Burning sensation while urinating
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Lower abdominal pain
- Fever or chills (in severe cases)
In men, symptoms may also include difficulty in urination or weak urine flow, indicating prostate involvement.
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications such as:
- Kidney infections
- Recurrent UTIs
- Permanent kidney damage
Early diagnosis, urine tests, and appropriate antibiotics are crucial for effective management and prevention of recurrence.
When to See a Urologist
A specialist evaluation helps identify the root cause and ensures long-term urinary health.
Take Charge of Your Urinary Health
UTIs may seem common, but they should never be ignored—especially in men or elderly patients. Understanding gender-specific risks allows for timely intervention and better outcomes.
For more information or expert consultation, schedule an appointment with Dr. Prabhat Ranjan, Consultant Urologist and Laparoscopic Surgeon.
